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CTENOCHASMA
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Genus: Ctenochasma von Meyer, 1852
Etymology: "comb jaw"
Type species: C. roemeri
Other Species: C. gracile, C. elegans, C. porocristatum
Diagnosis: Pterodactyloid with an extremely elongated snout, the anterior tip the rostrum is rounded, staggered array dentition consists of long, sharp, downcurved teeth (360 maximum) placed laterally along the jaws. Dentition distributed along the anterior half of the skull. (Wellnhofer, 1970)
Classification: Ctenochasmatidae
Species: C. roemeri von Meyer, 1852
Etymology: "for F. A. Römer"
Synonyms: Ctenochasma rœmeri von Meyer, 1852
Holotype: Geological Institute of the Technical University of Clausthal — 80 mm long anterior part of a lower jaw, probably lost. (von Meyer, 1852)
Referred Specimens: none
Time: Lower Tithonian, Late Jurassic
Horizon: ? Purbeck
Location: Deister (near Hannover), Lower Saxony, Germany
Skull length: ?
Total length: ?
Wingspan: ?
Mass: ?
Diagnosis: Numerous, long, robust teeth. The teeth extend at least 21 mm from the alveoli and are 2 mm wide, smooth and roundish, becoming flatter toward the tip. The teeth are oriented forward diagonally, their tips are hook-shaped. The teeth hardly decrease in length posteriorly. The mandibular symphysis is relatively narrow and slightly wider at the anterior end, a narrow groove is present on the dorsal surface. (Wellnhofer, 1978)
Comments:
References:
von Meyer, C. E. H. 1852, Ctenochasma Roemeri. Paläontographica 2, 82–84 & pl. 13.
Wellnhofer P; 1970, Die Pterodactyloidea (Pterosauria) der Oberjura-Plattenkalke Süddeutschlands, Abhandlung der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Neue Folge, 141,133pp Munchen
Wellnhofer, P. 1978 Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie. Teil 19. Pterosauria. Stuttgart: Verlag Gustav Fischer.
Species: C. elegans (Wagner, 1861) Jouve, 2004
Etymology: "elegant"
Synonyms: Pterodactylus elegans Wagner, 1861
Neotype: BSP 1875 XIV 501 — Complete skeleton. (Zittel, 1882)
Referred Specimens: BSP 1867 II 1 — Complete skeleton. (Zittel, 1882)
IPHG — Complete skeleton. [destroyed] (Wagner, 1861)
PIMUZ A/III 100 — Complete skeleton. (Wellnhofer, 1970)
Museum Bergér Harthof bei Eichstätt — Complete skeleton. (Wellnhofer, 1970)
Phil.-Theol. Hochschule Eichstätt 1950 — Complete skeleton. (Mayr, 1964)
Museum Bergér Harthof bei Eichstätt — Complete skeleton. (Wellnhofer, 1970)
Geologisches Inst. der Universität Erlangen — Complete skeleton. (Wellnhofer, 1970)
Time: Tithonian, Late Jurassic
Horizon: Solnhofen Limestone, Malm ζ 2
Location: Eichstätt, Solnhofen, Bavaria, Germany
Skull length: 33 - 55 mm
Total length: 75 - 100 mm
Wingspan: ?
Mass: ?
Diagnosis: Skull and neck relatively short compared to Pterodactylus antiquus. Metacarpus longer than in Pterodactylus kochi but shorter than in Pterodactylus micronyx and shorter than the humerus. Head low, elongated, usually with concave dorsal edge of the premaxilla. Dentition present on the anterior quarter of the skull. Depending on age, of 15-38 teeth are present on each dentary. Teeth long, slender, sharp, closely spaced, curved, round in cross section, oriented slightly forward diagonally. Orbit low, horizontal oval in shape. The naris is no longer than the orbit. Nasal process incompletely divides the small nasoantorbital fenestra. The quadrate is horizintal, approximately in-line with the ventral edge ot the upper jaw. Mandibular symphysis extends for 2/5 of the lower jaw length. Neck vertebrae are relatively short, with semicircular neural crests. (Wellnhofer, 1978)
Comments:
References:
Wagner, J. A. 1861 Charakteristik einer neuen Flugeidechse, Pterodactylus elegans. Sber. k. bayer. Akad. Wiss. math.-phys. Kl. pp. 363–365.
von Zittel, K. A. 1882 Über Flugsaurier aus dem lithographischen Schiefer Bayerns. Paläontographica 29, 47–80 & pls 10–13.
Mayr, F. X., 1964, Die naturwissenschaftlichen Sammlungen der Philosophisch-theologischen Hochschule, Eichstätt. In Festschrift zur 400 Jahre Coll. Willibald. Eichstätt, pp. 302–334. Eichstätt.
Wellnhofer P; 1970, Die Pterodactyloidea (Pterosauria) der Oberjura-Plattenkalke Süddeutschlands, Abhandlung der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Neue Folge, 141,133pp Munchen
Wellnhofer, P. 1978 Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie. Teil 19. Pterosauria. Stuttgart: Verlag Gustav Fischer.
Jouve S.; 2004, Description of the skull of a Ctenochasma (Pterosauria) from the Latest Jurassic of Eastern France, with a taxonomic revision of European Tithonian Pterodactyloidea: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 24, n. 3, p. 542-554.
Species: C. gracile Oppel, 1862
Etymology: "slender"
Holotype: BSP AS VI 30 — Plate and counterplate containing a fragmentary skull (Oppel, 1862)
Referred Specimens: BSP 1935 I 24 — Almost complete skeleton. (Broili, 1936)
Phil.-Theol. Hochschule Eichstätt — Upper jaw fragment with dentition (Mayr, 1964)
BSP 1920 I 57 — Skull and skeleton. (Broili, 1924)
Time: Tithonian, Late Jurassic
Horizon: Solnhofen Limestone, Malm ζ 2
Location: Eichstätt, Solnhofen, Bavaria, Germany
Skull length: 200 mm
Total length: ?
Wingspan: 120 cm
Mass: ?
Diagnosis: Extremely elongated snout, the anterior tip the rostrum is rounded, dentition consists of (200-360), long, sharp, downcurved teeth, placed laterally along the jaws and extends along the anterior half of the skull. The fromt teeth are equal in length and gradually decrease in length posteriorly. Distance between teeth corresponds to the too th width. Postcranial skeleton similar to Pterodactylus but with a longer lower arm and longer flight finger. (Wellnhofer, 1978)
Comments:
References:
Oppel, A. 1862 Über Fährten im lithographischen Schiefer. Paläontologische Mitteilungen aus dem Museum des Koenigl. Bayrischen Staates, ed. A. Oppel, vol. 1, pp. 121–125 & pl. 39. Stuttgart: Ebner & Sembek.
Broili, F. 1919 Ctenochasma gracile Oppel. Geognost. Jh.29–30 (1916–1917), 299–309.
Broili, F. 1924 Ctenochasma ist ein Flugsaurier. Sber. bayer. Akad. Wiss., math.-nat. Abt. pp. 13–30.
Broili, F. 1936 Ein neuer Fund des Flugsauriers Ctenochasma in den lithographischen Schiefern von Eichstätt. Forschn Fortschr. 12, 182–183.
Mayr, F. X., 1964, Die naturwissenschaftlichen Sammlungen der Philosophisch-theologischen Hochschule, Eichstätt. In Festschrift zur 400 Jahre Coll. Willibald. Eichstätt, pp. 302–334. Eichstätt.
Wellnhofer P; 1970, Die Pterodactyloidea (Pterosauria) der Oberjura-Plattenkalke Süddeutschlands, Abhandlung der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Neue Folge, 141,133pp Munchen
Wellnhofer, P. 1978 Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie. Teil 19. Pterosauria. Stuttgart: Verlag Gustav Fischer.
Jouve S.; 2004, Description of the skull of a Ctenochasma (Pterosauria) from the Latest Jurassic of Eastern France, with a taxonomic revision of European Tithonian Pterodactyloidea: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 24, n. 3, p. 542-554.
Species: C. porocristatum de Buisonjé, 1981 emend. Olshevsky, 1991 [nomen correctum]
Etymology: "porous-crested"
Synonyms: Ctenochasma porocristata de Buisonjé, 1981
Holotype: SoS-2179 — Anterior part of skull
Referred Specimens: none
Time: Tithonian, Late Jurassic
Horizon: Solnhofen Limestone, Malm ζ
Location: Buchenhüll-Sornhüller Basin, Wintershof, Germany
Skull length: ~24 cm
Total length: ?
Wingspan: ?
Mass: ?
Diagnosis: A rather large species of Ctenochasma, skull length about 24 cm, and characterized by the posession of a median, sagittal crest ot top of the elongated premaxillae. The crest rises rather abruptly halfway the toothed area, readhes its maximum width about 20 mm behind this point and gradually diminishes in width caudally, stretching the naso-praeorbital opening. The crest posesses vesicular bony tissue inside and has densley placed, vertical striae in the external side of the compact, outer bone.
Comments:
References:
de Buisonjé, P.H. 1981, Ctenochasma porocristata nov.sp. from the Solnhofen Limestone with some remarks on other Ctenochasmatidae. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wet. Proc. B 84(4): 411-436